1. Tsarin Aiki
Glucagon-kamar peptide-1 (GLP-1)wani neincretin hormoneɓoye ta ƙwayoyin L-kwayoyin hanji don mayar da martani ga cin abinci. GLP-1 agonists masu karɓa (GLP-1 RAs) suna kwaikwayon tasirin ilimin lissafin wannan hormone ta hanyoyi da yawa na rayuwa:
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Ciwon Ciki da Jinkirta Zubar da Ciki
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Yi aiki akan cibiyoyin satiety na hypothalamic (musamman POMC/CART neurons), rage yunwa.
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Sannu a hankali zubar da ciki, yana tsawaita jin cikar.
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Ingantattun Sigar Insulin da Rage Sakin Glucagon
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Ƙarfafa ƙwayoyin β-pancreatic don ɓoye insulin ta hanyar dogaro da glucose.
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Yana hana fitowar glucagon, inganta duka azumi da matakan glucose na postprandial.
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Ingantattun Makamashi Metabolism
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Haɓaka ji na insulin da haɓaka iskar oxygen da mai.
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Rage hanta mai kira da inganta lipid metabolism.
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2. Maɓalli GLP-1-Agents na Asarar Nauyi
| Magani | Babban Nuni | Gudanarwa | Matsakaicin Rage Nauyi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liraglutide | Nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, kiba | Kullum allura | 5-8% |
| Semaglutide | Nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, kiba | Allurar mako-mako/na baki | 10-15% |
| Tirzepatide | Nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, kiba | Allurar mako-mako | 15-22% |
| Retatrutide (a cikin gwaji) | Kiba (marasa ciwon sukari) | Allurar mako-mako | Har zuwa 24% |
Trend:Juyin Halitta na ƙwayoyi yana ci gaba daga GLP-1 agonists masu karɓa guda ɗaya → Dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists sau uku (GIP/GLP-1/GCGR).
3. Manyan Gwaji da Sakamako
Semaglutide - Gwajin MATAKI
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MATAKI NA 1 (NEJM, 2021)
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Mahalarta: Manya da kiba, ba tare da ciwon sukari ba
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Kashi: 2.4 MG kowane mako (subcutaneous)
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Sakamako: Ma'anar rage nauyin jiki na14.9%a makonni 68 vs. 2.4% tare da placebo
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~ 33% na mahalarta sun sami ≥20% asarar nauyi.
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MATAKI NA 5 (2022)
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Nuna asarar nauyi mai ɗorewa sama da shekaru 2 da haɓakawa cikin abubuwan haɗari na cardiometabolic.
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Tirzepatide - Shirye-shiryen SURMOUNT & SURPASS
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SURMOUNT-1 (NEJM, 2022)
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Mahalarta: Manya da kiba, ba tare da ciwon sukari ba
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Kashi: 5 MG, 10 MG, 15 mg mako-mako
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Sakamako: Ma'anar asarar nauyi15-21%bayan makonni 72 (dogara-dogara)
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Kusan 40% cimma ≥25% rage nauyi.
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Gwajin SURPASS (Yawan masu ciwon sukari)
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Ragewar HbA1c: har zuwa2.2%
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Matsakaicin asarar nauyi na lokaci ɗaya na10-15%.
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4. Ƙarin Amfanin Lafiya da Metabolic
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Rage cikinhawan jini, LDL-cholesterol, kumatriglycerides
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Ragevisceralkumamai hanta(haɓaka a NAFLD)
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Ƙananan haɗari naabubuwan da ke faruwa na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini(misali, MI, bugun jini)
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Jinkirta ci gaba daga prediabetes zuwa nau'in ciwon sukari na 2
5. Bayanan Tsaro da La'akari
Illolin gama gari (yawanci mai sauƙi zuwa matsakaici):
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Tashin zuciya, amai, kumburin ciki, maƙarƙashiya
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Rashin ci
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Rashin jin daɗin ciki na wucin gadi
Tsanaki / contraindications:
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Tarihi na pancreatitis ko medullary thyroid carcinoma
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Ciki da shayarwa
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An ba da shawarar adadin adadin a hankali don inganta haƙuri
6. Hanyoyi na Bincike na gaba
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Multi-agonists masu zuwa na gaba:
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Masu agonist guda uku suna niyya GIP/GLP-1/GCGR (misali,Retatrutide)
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Tsarin GLP-1 na baka:
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Babban adadin semaglutide na baka (har zuwa 50 MG) a ƙarƙashin kimantawa
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Haɗin hanyoyin warkewa:
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GLP-1 + insulin ko masu hana SGLT2
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Faɗin abubuwan alamomi:
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Ciwon hanta mai kitse mara-giya (NAFLD), ciwon ovary polycystic (PCOS), barci mai barci, rigakafin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini
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7. Kammalawa
Magunguna masu tushen GLP-1 suna wakiltar canjin yanayi daga sarrafa ciwon sukari zuwa ingantaccen tsarin rayuwa da sarrafa nauyi.
Tare da wakilai kamarSemaglutidekumaTirzepatide, asarar nauyi mara tiyata fiye da 20% ya zama mai yiwuwa.
Ana sa ran agonists masu karɓa da yawa na gaba don ƙara haɓaka inganci, dorewa, da fa'idodin cardiometabolic.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-11-2025